大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国国徽即英王徽。中心图案为一枚盾徽，盾面上左上角和右下角为红底上三只金狮，象征英格兰；右上角为金底上半站立的金狮，象征苏格兰；左下角为蓝底上金黄色竖琴，象征北爱尔兰。盾徽两侧各由一只头戴王冠、分别代表英格兰和苏格兰的狮子和独角兽守护。

英国，全称为大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。面积24.36万平方公里(包括内陆水域)，其中英格兰地区13.04万平方公里，苏格兰7.88万平方公里，威尔士2.08万平方公里，北爱尔兰1.36万平方公里。英国是一个位于欧洲西部的岛国，由大不列颠岛(包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士)、爱尔兰岛东北部和一些小岛组成。隔北海、多佛尔海峡、英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆相望。它的陆界与爱尔兰共和国接壤。海岸线总长11450公里。全境分为四部分：英格兰东南部平原、中西部山区、苏格兰山区、北爱尔兰高原和山区。属海洋性温带阔叶林气候，终年温和湿润。通常最高气温不超过32℃，最低气温不低于-10℃，平均气温1月4～7℃，7月13～17℃。多雨雾，秋冬尤甚。 英国分为英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰四部分。英格兰划分为43个郡，苏格兰下设29个区和3个特别管辖区，北爱尔兰下设26个区，威尔士下设22个区。此外，英国还有12个属地。 公元前地中海伊比利亚人，比克人，凯尔特人，先后来到不列颠。公元1-5世纪大不列颠岛东南部为罗马帝国统治。罗马人撤走后，欧洲北部的盎格鲁人、萨克逊人、朱特人相继入侵并定居。7世纪开始形成封建制度，许多小国并成七个王国，争雄达200年之久，史称“盎格鲁—撒克逊时代”。829年威塞克斯国王爱格伯特统一了英格兰。8世纪末遭丹麦人侵袭，1016年至1042年为丹麦海盗帝国的一部分。其后经英王短期统治，1066年诺曼底公爵渡海征服英格兰。1215年约翰王被迫签署大宪章，王权遭抑制。1338年至1453 年英法进行“百年战争”，英国先胜后败。1588年击败西班牙“无敌舰队”，树立海上霸权。 1640年英国在全球第一个爆发资产阶级革命，成为资产阶级革命的先驱。1649年5月19日宣布成立共和国。1660年王朝复辟，1668年发生“光荣革命”，确定了君主立宪制。1707年英格兰与苏格兰合并，1801年又与爱尔兰合并。18世纪后半叶至19世纪上半叶，成为世界上第一个完成工业革命的国家。19世纪是大英帝国的全盛时期，1914年占有的殖民地比本土大111倍，是第一殖民大国，自称“日不落帝国”。第一次世界大战后开始衰败。英国于1920年设立北爱兰郡，并于1921年至1922年允许爱尔兰南部脱离其统治，成立独立国家。1931年颁布威斯敏斯特法案，被迫承认其自治领在内政、外交上独立自主，大英帝国殖民体系从此动摇。第二次世界大战中经济实力大为削弱，政治地位下降。随着1947年印度和巴基斯坦的相继独立，到60年代，英帝国殖民体系瓦解。 国旗：呈横长方形，长与宽之比为2∶1。为“米”字旗，由深蓝底色和红、白色“米”字组成。旗中带白边的红色正十字代表英格兰守护神圣乔治，白色交叉十字代表苏格兰守护神圣安德鲁，红色交叉十字代表爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。此旗产生于1801年，是由原英格兰的白地红色正十旗、苏格兰的蓝地白色交叉十字旗和爱尔兰的白地红色交叉十字旗重叠而成。 英国人口约6020万(2005年6月)，其中英格兰人口达5040万，苏格兰510万，威尔士为300万，北爱尔兰达170万。官方和通用语均为英语。威尔士北部还使用威尔士语，苏格兰西北高地及北爱尔兰部分地区仍使用盖尔语。居民多信奉基督教新教，主要分英格兰教会(亦称英国国教圣公会，其成员约占英成人的60%)和苏格兰教会(亦称长老会，有成年教徒66万)。另有天主教会和佛教、印度教、犹太教及伊斯兰教等较大的宗教社团。 英国是世界经济强国之一，其国内生产总值在西方国家中居前列。2006年国民生产总值为23413.71亿美元，人均达到38636美元。近几十年来，英国制造业在国民经济中的比重有所下降；服务业和能源所占的比重不断增大，其中商业、金融业和保险业发展较快。私有企业是英国经济的主体，占国内生产总值的60%以上。服务业是衡量现代国家发达程度的标准之一，英国的服务业从业人口占其就业总人口的77.5%，产值占国内生产总值的63%以上。英国是欧盟中能源资源最丰富的国家，也是世界主要生产石油和天然气的国家，采煤业完全私有化。主要工业有：采矿、冶金、机械、电子仪器、汽车、食品、饮料、烟草、轻纺、造纸、印刷、出版、建筑等。此外，英国的航空、电子、化工等工业比较先进，海底石油开采、信息工程、卫星通讯、微电子等新兴技术近年有较大发展。主要农牧渔业有畜牧业、粮食业、园艺、渔业。服务业包括金融保险业、零售业、旅游业和商业服务(提供法律及咨询服务等)，近年来发展迅速。旅游业是英最重要的经济部门之一。年产值700多亿英镑，旅游收入占世界旅游收入的5%左右。与以风光旅游为主的国家不同，英国的王室文化和博物馆文化是旅游业的最大看点。主要旅游点有伦敦、爱丁堡、加的夫、布赖顿、格林威治、牛津、剑桥等。

北爱尔兰 威尔士 英格兰 苏格兰

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Helensburgh Selston Ampthill Birstall Royal Wootton Bassett Bridport Hersham Fenton Walton-on-the-Naze Carluke Bacup Costessey Wath upon Dearne Chalfont Saint Peter North Walsham Flitwick Cowdenbeath Harrow on the Hill North Tidworth Bridgnorth Great Bookham Chigwell Uttoxeter Bolsover Maryport Crayford Honiton Galashiels Syston Rushall Croxley Green Mablethorpe Churchdown Bamber Bridge Lymm Knowsley Spondon Horndean Darfield Greetland Saltcoats Elland Berwick-Upon-Tweed Sheerness Armadale Bickenhill Shoeburyness Dorridge Rainhill Epping Ulverston Leominster Tring Saint Ives Cookstown New Mills Wells Market Drayton Abertillery Burnham Chorleywood Little Bookham Tranent Halstead Montrose Whitburn Great Wyrley Oswaldtwistle Sandy Wootton Downham Market Torton Ivybridge Ross on Wye Wetherby Englefield Green Padiham Sunninghill Hipperholme Selsey Hexham Tadley Cranleigh Leatherhead Whitchurch Great Harwood Kingsnorth Stannington Oxted Burtonwood Ollerton Shenfield Largs Bewdley Stonehaven Ilfracombe Shepperton Charlton Kings Snodland Greasley Methil Mossley Knowle Soham Appleton Aylesford Wooburn Desborough Attleborough Shevington Scartho Worsley Swanage Pencoed Chesterfield Euxton Abram Castleton Balderton Caernarfon Southwater Newburn Kingsteignton Bovingdon Mold Mildenhall Whitnash Coleford Ickenham Blandford Forum Whitwick Rhosllanerchrugog Dinnington Emsworth Pembroke Dock Prestonpans Great Missenden Blairgowrie Bowdon Buckie London Colney Cumnock Ellon Corfe Mullen Padbury Ammanford Beccles Fort William Yatton Aveley Hayle Bude Immingham Holywell Towcester Tiptree Worsborough Queensferry Dodworth Ferryhill Brockworth Cobham Felpham Hockley Clay Cross Irthlingborough Carlton Colville Brandon Tadworth Shanklin Waltham Cross Binfield Great Dunmow Ledbury Dunblane Stevenston Sompting Sherborne Cinderford Burscough Stansted Mountfitchet Frodsham Yaxley Bingham Haddington Portlethen Cherry Hinton Lanark Rhymney Great Cornard Peebles Cockermouth Chapel en le Frith Polegate Caister-on-Sea Penkridge Worplesdon Canford Cliffs Kirk of Shotts Meltham Usworth